说明:Kenji先生是我在新西兰神流馆练习时的前辈。经他引荐,我拜访了神流馆本部之外的其他道场。途中青绿色的草地上一团团的绵羊星星点点,远处的缓坡上粘着低矮的独栋小屋。我坐在副驾听Kenji先生聊合气道,他说自己有一个英日双语的博客。看完以后发现很多话题在合气道里非常重要,但平时训练中极少有机会讨论。经他同意,我现在选出一些篇章请朋友王坤翻成中文。其中日文里有而英文中无的内容,均用浅色细体表示。疑难之处,文内以橙色标示,将必要解释附在文后。而博客原文,和中文翻译一并登出,作为参考。
这是他对自己和博客的介绍:Author:大福, 初心者にも分かりやすく、理論的に基礎知識を説明します。なんとなく他人の動きを真似るのではなく、普段から考える力を育てていくことを目的としています。In this blog, I explain the basics in a theoretical way that is easy to understand for beginners. The aim is to help you to develop your ability to think, not to copy the movements somehow. Aikido is not magic. I will explain things that are not so clear, such as Ki and O-Sensei's philosophy.
翻译是从他博客的第一篇,《“武产合气”的含义》开始的。在很多地方,“武产合气”被视为合气道至高境界的标志。变化无穷的技术,能自发地从施技者的运动中涌现出来,不经预先设计却仿似精心编排。Kenji先生的博客,就从他对这个词的理解开始。
原文链接:http://aikidonz.blog.fc2.com/blog-entry-1.html
[“武产合气”的含义]
在合气道道场里,经常能在墙上看见开祖的照片和写着“武産合気”的日文书法。其读作“Takemusu-aiki”。这是开祖(合气道创始人)的格言,蕴含着他的合气道原理。因此,他的合气道通常被称为“武产合气道”。
在神道教(日本宗教)的观念里,“武产”的意思是创造世界的力量,“合气”的意思是合而为一。
根据开祖口述的《武产合气》一书,他的格言的意思是(合气道的)所有能量都是在与自然法则的和谐中诞生的。
那么怎样的训练方式体现了“武产合气道”呢?
在1959年4月出版的一份合气道报纸上,开祖明确宣称大东流合气柔术和他的“武产合气道”完全不同。
包括合气柔术在内的古代日本武术是军事武术。他们的技术只是为了有效地杀死和消灭敌人。 “武产合气道”是开祖以摆脱杀敌思想为前提,创立的现代武术。
虽然古武术是一种军队格斗技,但武产合气道它旨在传授生命的美丽之道,而不仅仅是武术。因此反关节技和踩踏技术从一开始就被开祖排除在“武产合气道”之外。
“武产合气”也是我们新西兰神流馆的座右铭。高濑老师有时会在观察我们的训练后说,“让我们练合气道吧”。我想,他这么说的原因是我们表现出恶意,并试图用蛮力扔对手。同句日文:“武产合气”也是我所属的神流馆的座右铭。高濑老师常在观察我们训练后,叫我们专注于合气道。这大概是说我们仍有许多想要打倒对手的邪念。
我希望神流馆的所有指导员和成员一起探索符合道场座右铭的理想训练方式。同句日文:我希望道场的所有成员都能理解这句座右铭,并朝着这个方向训练。
感谢阅读。
杨:鉴于今天的合气道仍有“腕決め投げ”这样的动作,我就“反关节技”询问Kenji先生,他复信如下:
Reverse joint techniques are techniques that extend joints in unbendable directions. If you really try to do reverse joint techniques, you can easily break your opponent's joints.
Reverse joint techniques in ancient martial arts (古武術) and Aikido are completely different in both philosophy and technique. Most of the joint techniques in ancient martial arts (古武術) are reverse joint techniques, and their purpose is to literally disable the opponent from fighting.
Aikido's reverse joint techniques are called Katame-waza, and are intended only to control the opponent's movement by locking the opponent's elbows, wrists, and shoulders.
In Aikido, the goal is not to hurt the opponent. Therefore, the philosophy of the techniques is completely different from that of ancient martial arts.
The reverse joint techniques that O-sensei banned refer to techniques in ancient martial arts. Aikido's Katame-waza is a reverse joint technique, but it is called Katame-waza because it is different from the ancient techniques.
Ancient martial arts (Ko-bujyutu - 古武術) reverse joint techniques can be very scary when you experience them. I hurt my right elbow so badly that I could not even hold a cup for a while. I still have pain in my right elbow. You will know that it is completely different from the techniques of Aikido.
O-sensei's Aikido is different from Aiki-Jujutsu. It is a modern martial art formed from the philosophy of giving people the power to live, not to hurt people.
我翻译如下:
反关节技,是往不能弯曲的方向上硬掰关节的技术。如果你真的尝试做反关节技,你可以轻松弄断对手的关节。
古代武术(古武术)和合气道的反关节技,在哲学和技术上都完全不同。古代武术中的关节技大多是反关节技,其目的是使对手彻底无法战斗。
合气道的反关节技术称为“固技”(Katame-waza),旨在通过锁定对手的肘部、手腕和肩部来控制对方的动作。
在合气道中,目标不是伤害对方。因此,技法的哲学与古代武术的哲学是完全不同的。
大老师所禁止的反关节技,是指古代武术中的技法。合气道的固技是一种反关节技,但它被称为固技,因为它与古代技术不同。
古代武术 (Ko-bujyutu - 古武术) 的反向关节技术在您体验时会非常可怕。我的右肘曾受重伤,一时连杯子都拿不住,直到现在仍然疼痛。你会知道它与合气道的技术完全不同。
大老师的合气道与合气柔术不同。它是一种现代武术,其哲学是赋予人们生存的力量,而不是伤害他人。
[ Meaning of "武産合気" (Takemusu-aiki) ]
In the Aikido dojos, you often see the Japanese calligraphy "武産合気" on the wall. It reads "Takemusu-aiki". It's the proverb of O-sensei (the founder of Aikido) and there is the principle of his Aikido behind it. Because of that, his Aikido is often called "Takemusu Aikido".
For the thought of the Shintoism (Japanese religion), meaning of "Takemusu" is the power of creating the world, and meaning of "Aiki" is to unite into one.
According to the book of "Takemusu-aiki" written from O-sensei's dictation, meaning of his proverb is that all the energy (of Aikido) is born in harmony with principle of nature.
Then what is the training style to embody "Takemusu Aikido"?
In a newspaper published in April 1959, O-sensei clearly declared that Daitoryu Aiki-Jujutu and his "Takemusu Aikido" were totally different.
The ancient Japanese martial arts including the Aiki-Jujutsu are military martial arts. Their techniques only aim to kill and eliminate an enemy efficiently. "Takemusu Aikido" is the modern martial arts that O-sensei founded on the premise that you make a break away from a thought of killing an enemy.
It is intended to teach beautiful way of life rather than mere martial arts. That's why the reverse joint lock and stomping techniques were excluded in "Takemusu Aikido" from a beginning by O-sensei.
"Takemusu-aiki" is also a motto of the our dojo, Shinryukan NZ. Takase-sensei sometimes says "Let's do Aikido" after having observed our training. The reason why he said so would be that we showed wicked thoughts and tried to throw opponents by force, I suppose.
I hope that all instructors and members of Shinryukan explore ideal training style that met the dojo's motto together.
Thanks for reading.
[ 武産合気の意味 ]
合気道の道場では、開祖の写真とともに“武産合気”という言葉が正面に飾られています。“たけむすあいき”と読みます。それは、開祖、大先生の格言であり合気道の理念が込められた言葉です。そのため、大先生の合気道は武産合気道とも呼ばれています。
神道の考えでは、武産は万物を創造する力、合気は一つになる、という意味です。大先生が口述した“武産合気”という本によると、武産合気とは、全ての技はこの世の理と一つになって生まれる、という意味とされています。
では、武産合気道を体現する稽古とは何でしょうか。
1959年4月発行の合気道新聞で、大先生は、大東流合気柔術と武産合気道はまったく違う、と明言しています。
柔術を含む古武術は近代でいえば軍隊格闘術です。効率よく敵を殺害し排除することを唯一の目的としています。武産合気道は、敵を殺すという思考と決別することを前提に大先生が創設した近代武道です。
古武術が軍隊格闘技なのに対して、武産合気道は、単なる格闘技ではなくて美しい生き方を教えることを目的としています。そのため、逆関節技や踏み付け技などは、大先生によって最初から禁止されています。
武産合気は私が所属する神流館道場のモットーでもあります。高瀬先生が私達の稽古を観察した後で、たびたび合気道に集中しようと発言するのは、私達が相手を倒そうという邪念がまだまだ多いということではないでしょうか。
道場の会員すべてが、そのモットーを理解し同じ方向を目指して稽古をしていくことを望んでいます。